One’s gospel determines one’s ethics, which is one of the reasons Paul views variant gospels as so destructive. Both Jewish distortions of the death of the Messiah (cf. Gal. 1:7; Eph. 2:11; Phil. 3:2) and Hellenistic distortions of the Parousia of the Messiah (cf. 1 Cor. 15:12; 2 Thess. 2:2; 2 Tim. 2:18) incur severe condemnations from Paul because both distort the hope of eternal life and the associated response in this age. - John P. Harrigan