This eschatological hope (involving the Parousia, resurrection, judgment, and kingdom) set for Paul the parameters of his discipleship agenda. The Gentiles are being discipled into the Jewish apocalyptic hope. Paul’s Jewish eschatology also provided both the mechanism and the pattern for his ethics. Far from causing ethical disengagement (as commonly mischaracterized in modern studies), Paul’s apocalyptic hope inspired his ethical “fight” and “race.” -John P. Harrigan