In effect, Paul seeks to combat Gentile arrogance by reaffirming that the Jewish apocalyptic plan of history has not changed. God’s mission to the Gentiles is a subsidiary plan rather than a supersessionist program. Once the full number of the Gentiles comes in, then the presupposed expectations of the day of wrath, resurrection of the dead, and judgment of the wicked will commence, “as it is written, ‘The deliverer will come from Zion…’” (v. 26b; cf. Isa. 59:20). Paul thus seems to theologize about God’s merciful mission to the Gentiles (cf. vv. 30–32) within an unaltered Jewish apocalyptic framework of redemptive history. -John P. Harrigan