Tuesday, September 05, 2023

Throughout Paul’s letters, ethical exhortations are tied directly to eschatology, both positively and negatively. Nowhere in his letters does Paul call people to virtuous behavior apart from eschatological expectations. 

What is most notable about this reality is that Paul never redefines those expectations. There is a complete lack of explicit reasoning along the lines of realized eschatology. Paul simply declares his apocalyptic hopes (i.e., Parousia, kingdom, resurrection, judgment, etc.) and builds upon them ethically (e.g., therefore, so then, accordingly, etc.). Or sometimes the logic runs in reverse: ethical exhortations are followed by eschatological justifications. 

If Paul’s theological agenda really did revolve around realized eschatology, as so many modern commentators assert, then it seems Paul would justify his ethical exhortations with such reasoning in a straightforward manner somewhere. Since he does not, it seems more likely that he simply associates his apocalyptic expectations with his ethical engagement in a direct manner without redefinition. - John P. Harrigan

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